Participación de enfermería como agente de cambio en asociaciones y gremios / Participation of nursing how agent of change in associations and body

El trabajo presenta como elemento central, la problemática de la participación de enfermería en asociaciones y gremios. La capacidad para decidir sobre las condiciones del ejercicio profesional, está directamente relacionado con la fuerza que otorgan los nucleamientos; el tema, analizado a través de un estudio exploratorio, suscitará seguramente una ardua polémica entre los lectores. (AU)

Participación de enfermería como agente de cambio en asociaciones y gremios / Participation of nursing how agent of change in associations and body

El trabajo presenta como elemento central, la problemática de la participación de enfermería en asociaciones y gremios. La capacidad para decidir sobre las condiciones del ejercicio profesional, está directamente relacionado con la fuerza que otorgan los nucleamientos; el tema, analizado a través de un estudio exploratorio, suscitará seguramente una ardua polémica entre los lectores.

SIDA y estratos sociales en México: la importancia del bisexualismo / AIDS and social stratus in Mexico: importance of bisexualite

Se analiza la prevalencia del SIDA en México y la frecuencia de los riesgos de transmisión sexual según estrato socioeconómico de los pacientes. El estudio se basó en las notificaciones obligatorias de SIDA, recibidas entre 1982 y septiembre de 1988 por la Secretaría de Salud. Se encontró que los casos de SIDA están acumulándose con mayor celeridad entre los estratos bajos, donde también hay una mayor frecuencia del riesgo bisexual como del heterosexual. Estos hallazgos se explican en el contexto de los valores sexuales así como en las condiciones de vida propias a los estratos bajos en el país. Se recomienda que las campañas de prevención se diferencien para atender a las peculiaridades propias de los distintos estrados sociales en México

The prevalence of AIDS in Mexico and the frequency of sexually transmitted risks was analyzed in relation to the socioeconomic strata of the patients. The study was based on the obligatory notifications of AIDS received by the Ministry of Health between 1982 and september of 1988. The findings show that Aios is accumulating more rapidly among the low socioeconomic strata, where the bisexual and heterosexual risk factprs are also more frequent. These findings are explained in the context of the sexual mores and living conditions of the low social strata of the country. The study leads to the recommendation of diversified preventive activities that meet the peculiarities of the various social strata in Mexico.

The changing rural environment and the relationship between health services and rural development.

Author summarizes today's changing rural America and the challenges that health services researchers and policymakers face in relating the rural environment to the problems and possibilities of rural health services delivery.

Chronological variation in chemical composition of urinary calculi between 1965-68 and 1982-86 in north western India.

The chemical composition of 210 urinary calculi either spontaneously passed or surgically removed during January 1965-December 1968 was compared with the chemical composition of 1338 urinary calculi received during July 1982-June 86. The proportion of vesical calculi had significantly decreased from 30.48% (n = 64) during 1965-68 to 8.37% (n = 112), during 1982-86 (p less than 0.001). During 1965-68, magnesium was present in 16%, ammonium in 31% and urate in 33% of vesical calculi. But during 1982-86, the percentage of vesical calculi containing magnesium and ammonium was nil (p less than 0.001), but 76.8% of vesical calculi contained urate (p less than 0.001). Similarly, during 1965-68, 35.6% of renal calculi containing magnesium, 20% contained ammonium, 13.6% contained carbonate and urate was present in 32.2% of renal calculi. In contrast during 1982-86, magnesium was detected in only 0.24% of renal calculi (p less than 0.001), ammonium in 0.16% (p less than 0.001) and carbonate in 3.9% (p less than 0.001) but 57.4% of renal calculi contained urate (p less than 0.001).

Variations in marriage patterns in central Thailand.

Data from a survey of marriage patterns in central Thailand illustrate the complexity of change in marriage patterns in a developing society--the diversity of traditional patterns, the different directions of change, and the variations in current patterns. The data were collected in 1978 and 1979 from ever-married women aged 15-44 in three settings:a central plains village, established areas in Bangkok, and a Bangkok squatter settlement. Three forms of entry into marriage were identified:ceremonial marriage with parental involvement in the choice of spouse, ceremonial marriage with self-choice of spouse, and nonceremonial marriage (elopement and living together). All three forms of marriage existed in each setting, and the dominant form differed in each. In general, a family background of higher socioeconomic status led to a greater likelihood of a marriage ceremony and greater parental involvement in spouse choice. Women with more education were also more likely to marry with ceremony, but higher education for daughters was associated with less parental involvement in spouse choice. These findings suggest that marriage patterns may remain diverse in Thailand, even as further development occurs.

Changes in the retirement process among older men in the United States: 1972-1980.

Recent changes in older men's retirement patterns are investigated for the United States. The results show that labor force incumbents, particularly those in secondary occupations, experienced increases in the volume of both retirement and reentry to the labor force. In addition, although working life expectancy remained relatively stable across occupations, men in secondary occupations spent increasingly greater portions of their work lives in postretirement jobs. Finally, large increases in nonworking life expectancy occurred because of substantial increases in life expectancy. In several occupations, however, declines in working life expectancy were major contributors to increases in nonworking life expectancy.

Implications of boundary choice for the measurement of residential mobility.

Analyses of residential mobility are usually conditioned on a system of geography in which territory is divided into discrete units. Types of movement are defined in terms of these units, the most important distinction being that between local mobility and migration. Here we examine explicitly the implications of the choice of the migration-defining boundary in the U.S. over the 1940-1980 period. We demonstrate how boundary choice influences the extent and character of selectivity of the mobile population by using demographic and social characteristics. It appears that over time the state line may be replacing the county line in distinguishing kinds of migrants. Further, our results point to a growing fraction of footloose migrants, not tied to local territory, identified by their migration history rather than demographic characteristics.

Analisis de la Situacion de Salud de los Grupos Indigenas en Territorios Nacionales / Health Situation Analysis of the Indian Groups in the Territorios Nacionales

Contiene el estudio realizado por la OPS sobre la situacion de los territorios nacionales. Aborda la problematica de salud desde el punto de vista biologico social y cultural, con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Presenta la experiencia de atencion primaria en el Vaupes; las politicas y planes gubernamentales de salud, conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Crisis y salud: Una relacion por explorar en Colombia / Crisis and health: A relatioship to explore in Colombia

Describe las condiciones socioeconomicas y politicas de America Latina y Colombia como causas y consecuencias del estado de salud de los diferentes grupos de poblacion. Discute como el objetivo del conocimiento del personal de salud se ha ido reduciendo a la comprension de la estructura y dinamica bio-natural de la enfermedad y a la busqueda de mecanismos y tecnologia para su prevencion, curacion y control; asi como a la generacion de modelos administrativos para convertir en acciones y servicios los logros cientificos y tecnicos; en oposicion con la evidente relacion entre los fenomenos salud-enfermedad y medio ambiente. Para el autor, las crisis economicas y socio-politicas no solamente son escenarios donde se desenvuelven la salud y la enfermedad sino que la salud es uno de los campos en los cuales se refleja mas dramaticamente el efecto de las crisis, e igualmente las condiciones de vivir, enfermar o morir son demostraciones de su impacto sobre los diferentes grupos humanos. Fenomenos como la desnutricion infantil, y esperanza de vida, la mortalidad infantil, el trauma accidental o inflingido son algunos de sus indicadores.